The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Zepbound, an injectable medication, for treating moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity. Manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, Zepbound, known generically as tirzepatide, represents a promising advancement in the fight against this widespread sleep disorder. The drug functions by activating proteins in the intestine, leading to appetite suppression and reduced food intake.
Zepbound's approval follows comprehensive clinical trials involving 469 adult participants who did not have type 2 diabetes. These individuals were randomly assigned to receive either Zepbound or a placebo over 52 weeks. Results demonstrated that Zepbound significantly reduced breathing interruptions, namely apnea and hypopnea, during sleep when compared to the placebo group. Patients treated with Zepbound not only experienced improvement in their OSA symptoms but also achieved notable weight loss, which likely contributed to the alleviation of their condition.
While Zepbound offers considerable benefits, it also necessitates careful consideration before starting treatment. Individuals with a family history of thyroid cancer or those experiencing serious allergies or complications with their pancreas, gallbladder, kidneys, or eyes should consult their healthcare provider prior to using Zepbound. Furthermore, women on birth control pills are advised to discuss potential dosage adjustments with their doctors, as tirzepatide may reduce the efficacy of these contraceptives. An alternative form of birth control may be necessary for four weeks after initiating Zepbound and following any increase in dosage.
Common side effects of Zepbound include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, belching, acid reflux, stomach pain, diarrhea, constipation, and reactions at the injection site. Patients may also experience tiredness, allergic reactions—mainly fever and rash—and hair loss. Despite these potential side effects, the overall improvement in OSA symptoms and weight management makes Zepbound a significant development for adults with obesity struggling with obstructive sleep apnea.
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